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African History: Most Popular Articles

These articles are the most popular over the last month.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
A brief review of the triangular trade with particular reference to recent statistics.
Biography: Idi Amin Dada
Idi Amin, who became known as the 'Butcher of Uganda' for his brutal, despotic rule whilst president of Uganda in the 1970s, is possibly the most notorious of all Africa's post-independence dictators. Find out more in this biography.
Apartheid Legislation in South Africa
Descriptions of the main apartheid legislation enacted in South Africa.
Steve Biko
A short biography of Steve Biko, founder and martyr of the Black Consciousness movement in South Africa.
Young African Boys Captured for Slave Trade
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Young African Boys Captured for Slave Trade
Adinkra Stencils
A collection of free stencils with an African theme. For personal, non-commercial use only.
Plans of Slave Decks, Slave Ship Brookes
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Plans of Slave Decks, Slave Ship Brookes
Why-Scamble
Why was Africa so rapidly colonized?
Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs: Viscera Coffin
A gallery of artifacts from the Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs Exhibition: Viscera Coffin.
How Many Slaves Were Taken
Information on how many slaves were shipped from Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas during the sixteenth century can only be estimated as very few records exist for this period. But from the seventeenth century onwards, increasingly accurate records, such as ship manifests, are available.
Bio: Nelson Mandela
A biography of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela.
SA National Holidays
The significance of South Africa's national holidays.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: Origins of Slaves
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: Origins of Slaves Details of where slaves were taken from Africa and how
Adinkra Symbology and its Origins
The Origin and Meaning of Adinkra Symbols.: adinkra symbols traditional cloths africanhistory akan symbols abstract shapes
Islam Role African Slavery #1
When Africans talk of slavery they inevitably mean the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Is this a true representation of the practice in Africa?
Origins Atlantic Slave Trade
Portuguese exploration and trade: 1450-1500.
Slavery in Africa
Types of Slavery in Africa - What Kinds of Slavery Existed in Africa?
Indigenous African Slavers Traveling From the Interior
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Indigenous African slavers Traveling From the Interior
Inspection of an African Slave
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Inspection of an African Slave
African Slavery 101
Although slavery has been practiced for almost the whole of recorded history, the vast numbers involved in the African slave trade has left a legacy which can not be ignored.
Slave Decks on the Slave Bark Wildfire
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Slave Decks on the Slave Bark Wildfire
Menes: First Pharaoh of Egypt?
According to Ancient Egyptian history Menes was the founder of the unified Egyptian state which combined Upper and Lower Egypt.
Unknown Mummy
Unknown Mummy, held by the Cairo Museum, Egypt.
Female East African Slave
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Female East African Slave
African History: 15th Century West Africa Trade
Between the 11th and 15th centuries West Africa was a major trading region, exporting goods to Europe, Arabia, India, and China across the Sahara Desert.
Testing an African Slave For Sickness
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Testing an African Slave For Sickness
Diagram of the Slave Ship Brookes
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Diagram of the Slave Ship Brookes
African History: 16 June 1976 Student Uprising in Soweto
On 16 June 1976 high-school students in Soweto, South Africa, protested for better education. Police fired teargas and live bullets into the marching students.
Sharpeville Massacre
The Origin of South Africa's Human Rights Day: anglo boer war orange river colony apartheid policies police baton vereeniging
The Triangular Trade
Map of the Triangular Trade.
Southern African Independence
A chronology of colonization and independence.: south west africa dutch east indies walvis bay gold ivory africa independence
Double Crown of Egypt
What was the Double Crown of Egypt?
A Slaver's Canoe
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Slaver's Canoe
Colors of Ancient Egypt
Color in Ancient Egypt
Indigenous African Slavery
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Indigenous African Slavery
When Did Apartheid End?
Unsure when Apartheid ended in South Africa? Find the answer in this Apartheid FAQ.
Mau Mau Timeline
The Mau Mau were a militant African nationalist movement active in Kenya during the 1950s whose main aim was to remove British rule and European settlers from the country.
African Captives Being Sent Into Slavery
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: African Captives Being Sent Into Slavery
An Atlas of African Independence
By the mid 1960's the majority of African states were free from colonial rule. Read more about each country's story in this Atlas of Independence.
Africa Countries Not Colonized
There are two countries in Africa which are considered to never have been colonized. The truth, however, is much more complex and open to debate.
Cape Coast Castle, Gold Coast
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Cape Coast Castle, Gold Coast
Exercising Slaves on a Trans-Atlantic Slave Ship
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Exercising Slaves on a Trans-Atlantic Slave Ship
A Slave Barracoon
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Slave Barracoon
Quotes: Steve Biko
A selection of quotes by Steve Biko
Apartheid, When Did it Start?
Unsure when Apartheid started in South Africa? Find the answer in this Apartheid FAQ.
Biography: Mary Henrietta Kingsley
A biography in three parts of Mary Henrietta Kingsley, a Victorian explorer and writer who greatly influenced European ideas about Africa and its people. Part 1: Early Life in England
Apartheid FAQ -- Common Questions About South Africa's Apartheid Era
What was Apartheid? Find the answer in this FAQ.: apartheid government racial segregation union of south africa geographical boundaries afrikaans word
Apartheid 101
From the Afrikaans word meaning 'separation' Apartheid was a social philosophy which enforced racial, social, and economic segregation on the people of South Africa. Find out more...
Rock Art Stencils
A collection of free stencils with an African theme. For personal, non-commercial use only.
Rwandan Genocide
A Selection of Quotes About The Rwandan Genocide.
Timbuktu
Timbuktu is widely used to describe a place extremely far away and regarded by many as a myth. In reality it's a city in Mali, West Africa, of such great historical importance that in 1988 it was designated a World Heritage Site.
Chronological List of African Independence
A Chronological List of Independence Dates for Africa.   Country Independence Date Prior ruling country
Slave Origins for the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Slavery Regions for the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.
Islam Role African Slavery #2
When Africans talk of slavery they inevitably mean the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Is this a true representation of the practice in Africa?
Tutankhamun: The Boy Pharaoh
Be amazed at the treasures discovered in the tomb of the most famous Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, Tutankhamun. His was the first tomb found still containing treasure.
Biography: Sonni Ali
A biography of Songhai Ali the West African monarch who ruled Songhai from 1464 to 1492, expanding a small kingdom along the Niger River into one of medieval Africa's greatest empires..
WWII Timeline: July 1940
Italy pushed against the borders of its colonies in East Africa ...
Egypt
A brief history of the colonization and independence of Egypt
Timeline: The Suez Crisis
Timeline for the Suez Canal Crisis: suez canal zone hassan el banna son farouk caliph of islam king farouk
Bio: Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, described by some of her rivals as an Americo-Liberian, the descendant of Liberia's ex-American-slave colonists, has reached the pinnacle o her political career. Awaiting the results of an investigation into alleged (by her main political rival George Weah) election fraud, Johnson-Sirleaf could become Africa's first elected woman president. Find out more…
Mummy with Linen Opened by Pillagers
Mummy with linen opened by pillagers, held by the Cairo Museum, Egypt.
13 November
A chronicle of events in African history on 13 November.
Mummy of Seqenenre Tao II
Mummy of Seqenenre Tao II, held by the Cairo Museum, Egypt.
Quotes: Nelson Mandela
A selection of quotes by Nelson Mandela
Republic of Benin
Map of Republic of Benin (Republique du Benin)
Tripolitan War, 1801 - 1805
When the United States of America gained independence from Great Britain there was an unexpected problem - piracy. In 1783, the same year that the Treaty of Paris was signed, corsairs from the Barbary States began to attack American shipping in the Mediterranean.
Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs: Royal Canopic Bust
A gallery of artifacts from the Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs Exhibition: Royal Canopic Bust.
Hieroglyph Stencils
A collection of free stencils with an African theme. For personal, non-commercial use only.
Mummy of Prince Ouabkhousenou
Mummy of Prince Ouabkhousenou, held by the Cairo Museum, Egypt.
Color Technology
Today we consider chemistry to be a science, but its roots, back in Ancient Egypt, lie in art and the creation of synthetic pigments.
Timeline of Apartheid History: 1912 to 1959
A Timeline of Key Apartheid Events from 1912 to 1959.
WWII Timeline: June 1940
When Italy declared war against Britain and France in June 1940 it seemed inevitable that the conflict would come to Africa – Italy wanted an empire, and it was only on the African continent that it would be able to achieve such conquest. But even with Britain's pre-emptive forays into Libya, the war was slow to start…
Trans-Atlantic Slave Imports by Region
Statistics for Trans-Atlantic Slave Imports by Region.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Tabono
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Tabono
"Wind of Change" speech
The "Wind of Change" speech was made by the British Prime Minister whilst addressing the South African Parliament during his tour of African Commonwealth states. It was a watershed moment in the struggle for black nationalism in Africa and the independence movement across the continent. It also signalled a change in attitude towards the Apartheid regime in South Africa.
Mummy of the Dame Rai
Mummy of the Dame Rai held by the Cairo Museum, Egypt.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Nyame-Nti
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Nyame-Nti
The History of Islam in Africa
The Islamic faith and Muslims have played a crucial role in the development of Africa, not only in North Africa and West Africa where it is still the dominant religion, but also in East Africa, where its dominance decreases as one moves south, and in Southern Africa, where it was introduced through slaves and political exiles and is most prominent today in the cities of Durban and Cape Town.
Idi Amin Quotes
A selection of quotes by Idi Amin Dada, president of Uganda from 25 January 1971 to 13 April 1979.
Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs: Statuette Upper Egypt
A gallery of artifacts from the Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs Exhibition: Statuette Upper Egypt.
Ancient Egypt: the Father of Time
The way in which we divide the day into hours and minutes, as well as the structure and length of the yearly calendar, owes much to pioneering developments in ancient Egypt.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Exports by Region
Statistics for Trans-Atlantic Slave Exports by Region.
South African Townships
Map of townships around Pretoria, Johannesburg and Vereeniging.
History of Kenya
A brief introduction to the history of Kenya from the time of early humans to the present day.
Nok Culture
Considered the oldest recognisable pre-colonial society in sub-Saharan Africa, the Nok Culture is exemplified by its magnificent terracotta sculptures and the development of iron working. Find out more about this ancient African civilization.
Robben Island Prison Museum: Entrance
Gallery of images of Robben Island, World Heritage Site and Apartheid era prison: Entrance.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Gye Ntame
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Gye Ntame
African History: African explorers
Over the centuries, explorers have found the allure of the unknown reaches of Africa irresistible. Find out who was who, where they went, and when.
Pre-Colonial cultures in South Africa: San and Khoikhoi
Two thousand years ago the first of several waves colonists swept into South Africa. In the first of these waves, the pastoralist Khoikhoi moved down into the western and southern coastal regions - pushing the hunter-gatherer San inland.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Bin Nka Bi
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Bin Nka Bi
Free Adinkra Stencil: Ako Ben
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Ako Ben
Free Adinkra Stencil: Nyansapo
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Nyansapo
West African Independence
A chronology of colonization and independence.: french west africa french protectorate grand popo africa independence portuguese guinea
Union Of South Africa
The politicking behind the scenes for the formation of the Union of South Africa allowed the foundations of Apartheid to be laid.
General Act of the Berlin Conference on West Africa
Full Text of the General Act of the Berlin Conference on West Africa as signed on 26 February 1885
Suez Crisis Background
Part 1 – Partial Decolonization Leads to Resentment
Free African History Stencil: Nguni People
A collection of free stencils on an African theme - Nguni Symbols.
Slavery in the Cape Colony
Many South Africans are the descendants of slaves brought to the Cape Colony from 1653 until 1822. Follow the main events in this period of South Africa's history in this timeline.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Osram Ne Nsoroma
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Osram Ne Nsoroma
"Wind of Change" Speech
The "Wind of Change" speech was made by the British Prime Minister whilst addressing the South African Parliament during his tour of African Commonwealth states.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Ohene Tuo
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Ohene Tuo
Trans-Atlantic Slave Exports by Region and Era
Statistics for Trans-Atlantic Slave Exports by Region and Era.
History of Sudan #1
A brief introduction to the history of Sudan from the time of early humans to the present day. Part 1 - Kingdoms to Independence
Population Registration Act
The Population Registration Act required South Africans to be identified and registered as belonging to one of four distinct racial groups. Find out more...
Absolute Monarchy
What is an Absolute Monarchy?
Where Do You Find Hieroglyphs?
Hieroglyphs, the writing system of ancient Egypt, were used only by an elite – it is estimated that only 0.4 % of the population could read during the Pharaonic period. But where and how, exactly, were they used?
Biography: Chief Albert Luthuli
A biography of Chief Albert Luthuli, Africa's first winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace and president of the ANC until his death (under mysterious circumstances) in 1967.
Predynastic Egypt
The Predynastic Period of Ancient Egypt saw the development of grouped communities, the worlds first written language, institutionalised religion, and the development of the plough. Archaeologists have divided the Period into four relatively distinct phases to aid their understanding of the social, scientific, and political developments in Egypt at that time.
Bio: Tom Mboya
Thomas Mboya was a Kenyan trade unionist and statesman. Earmarked as Jomo Kenyatta's successor, Mboya was assassinated six years into independence, sparking tribal unrest between Kenyatta's Kikuyu supporters and Mboya's Luo.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Ananse Ntontan
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Ananse Ntontan
Maasai Ethnic Group in Kenya
Map showing location of the Maasai ethnic group in Kenya and Tanzania.
Queen Anhapou and a unknown woman
Mummy of Queen Anhapou, held by the Cairo Museum, Egypt.
Chris Hani Bio
A short biography of Chris Hani, South African political activist, chief-of-staff of Umkhonto we Sizwe, and Secretary-General of the South African Communist Party, assassinated in April 1993.
Crossroads
South African police and rioters in South Africa's Cape Town informal settlement of Crossroads clashed over an attempt to move residents to the new Township of Kayelitsha.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Bese Saka
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Bese Saka
Free Adinkra Stencil: Akoko Nan
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Akoko Nan
Free Adinkra Stencil: Sankofa (variant #1)
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Sankofa (variant #1)
Tanzania Timeline -- Timeline of the History of Tanzania
A chronology of key events in Tanzania's history: vasco da gama john hanning speke lake tanganika lettow vorbeck german protectorate
School Enrollment in SA
Data on School Enrollment for Blacks and Whites in South Africa in 1982.
Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs: Inlaid Pectoral
A gallery of artifacts from the Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs Exhibition: Inlaid Pectoral.
Abolition of Passes Act 1952
Blacks (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act No 67 of 1952 required all black persons over the age of 16 to carry a reference (or pass) book at all times. Find out more...
Idi Amin Timeline
A Timeline of Key Events in the Life of Idi Amin Dada.
Mummy of Ramses VI
Mummy of Ramses VI, held by the Cairo Museum, Egypt.
Mummy of Yuya
Mummy of Yuya, held by the Cairo Museum, Egypt.
New Names in South Africa
Since the end of apartheid, a number of town and geographical names in South Africa have changed. Here's a list of them.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Akoma Ntoaso
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Akoma Ntoaso
Central African Independence
A chronology of colonization and independence.: king leopold ii democratic republic of the congo republic of equatorial guinea french equatorial africa cocoa plantations
Bio: Mungo Park
Mungo Park, a Scottish surgeon and explorer, was sent out by the 'Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior of Africa' to discover the course of the River Niger. Having achieved a degree of fame from his first trip, carried out alone and on foot, he returned to Africa with a party of 40 Europeans, all of whom lost their lives in the adventure.
History of Benin
A brief introduction to the history of Benin from the time of early humans to the present day.
Where in Africa is Chad?
A map showing the location of Chad and it's neighbors.
Treason Trial
In 1956, in response to the adoption of the Freedom Charter at the Congress of the People, the Apartheid government in South Africa arrested a total 156 people for high treason. The penalty for this was death.
Hominid Fossils Kenya-Ethiopia
Discoveries in Africa in 2001 alter our understanding of our family tree.
History of Ghana #1
A brief introduction to the history of Ghana from the time of early humans to the present day. Part 1 - Early Kingdoms to Independence
Free Adinkra Stencil: Denkyem
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Denkyem
Africa's 100 Best Books of the 20th Century
In February 2002 a list of Africa's Top 100 books was announced. Find out why.
Slave Laws in South Africa
It is a popular misconception that slavery in South Africa was mild compared to America and the European colonies in the Far East. This is not so, and punishments meted out could be very harsh.
RwandanGenocide01
Why was there such strong antagonism between the Hutu and Tutsi in Rwanda? What Role did European colonization play? Was the 1994 genocide the first outbreak of violence? Find out more about the origins of the Rwandan Genocide.
Slavery of Africans
Although slavery has been practiced for almost the whole of recorded history, the vast numbers involved in the African slave trade has left a legacy which can not be ignored.
Joe Slovo Bio
Joe Slovo, anti-Apartheid activist, was one of the founders of Umkhonto weSizwe (MK), the armed wing of the ANC, and was general secretary of the South African Communist Party during the 1980s.
Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs: Diadem
A gallery of artifacts from the Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs Exhibition: Diadem.
Pass Laws
What were the Pass Laws in Apartheid era South Africa?
Quotes: Desmond Tutu
A selection of quotes by Desmond Tutu
Reparations for Slavery?
There is a call for reparations to be made by the West for the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Are all the issues being considered?
More Quotes: Nelson Mandela
A selection of quotes by Nelson Mandela
Group Areas Act
The Group Areas Act No 41 of 1950 forced physical separation between races by creating different residential areas for different races. Find out more…
Bio: Seretse Khama
A biography of Sir Seretse Khama, African nationalist leader and first president of Botswana.
Nyerere Quotes #1
A Selection of Quotes by Julius Kambarage Nyerere
Morocco
A brief history of the colonization and independence of Morocco
Australopithecus afarensis
When, where and by whom Australopithecus afarensis was discovered, how old and what kind of habitat it lived in, and what is special about this hominid
Quotes - Bantu Education
Bantu Education, the separate and limited experience encountered by non-whites in South Africa when pursuing an education, was a cornerstone of the apartheid philosophy. The following quotes illustrate the diverse viewpoints about Bantu Education from both sides of the anti-Apartheid struggle.

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