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African History: Most Popular Articles

These articles are the most popular over the last month.
African History: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.
The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade A brief review of the triangular trade with particular reference to recent
Biography: Idi Amin Dada
Idi Amin, who became known as the 'Butcher of Uganda' for his brutal, despotic rule whilst president of Uganda in the 1970s, is possibly the most notorious of all Africa's post-independence dictators. Find out more in this biography.
Apartheid Legislation in South Africa
Descriptions of the main apartheid legislation enacted in South Africa.
Short Biography: Stephen Bantu (Steve) Biko
Stephen Bantu (Steve) Biko Founder and martyr of the Black Consciousness movement in South Africa   Related
Rock Art Stencils
A collection of free stencils with an African theme. For personal, non-commercial use only.
Adinkra Stencils
A collection of free stencils with an African theme. For personal, non-commercial use only.
South Africa's National Holidays
The significance of South Africa's national holidays.
African History: 16 June 1976 Student Uprising in Soweto
On 16 June 1976 high-school students in Soweto, South Africa, protested for better education. Police fired teargas and live bullets into the marching students.
Adinkra Symbology and its Origins
The Origin and Meaning of Adinkra Symbols.
Sharpeville Massacre
The Origin of South Africa's Human Rights Day
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: Origins of Slaves
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: Origins of Slaves Details of where slaves were taken from Africa and how
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Young African Boys Captured for Slave Trade
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Young African Boys Captured for Slave Trade
An Atlas of African Independence
By the mid 1960's the majority of African states were free from colonial rule. Read more about each country's story in this Atlas of Independence.
Southern African Independence
A chronology of colonization and independence.
Origins of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
Portuguese exploration and trade: 1450 - 1500
Quotes: Steve Biko
A selection of quotes by Steve Biko
African Slavery 101
Although slavery has been practiced for almost the whole of recorded history, the vast numbers involved in the African slave trade has left a legacy which can not be ignored.
Hieroglyph Stencils
A collection of free stencils with an African theme. For personal, non-commercial use only.
Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs Exhibition: Viscera Coffin
A gallery of artifacts from the Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs Exhibition: Viscera Coffin.
How Many Slaves Were Taken
Information on how many slaves were shipped from Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas during the sixteenth century can only be estimated as very few records exist for this period. But from the seventeenth century onwards, increasingly accurate records, such as ship manifests, are available.
Apartheid 101
From the Afrikaans word meaning 'separation' Apartheid was a social philosophy which enforced racial, social, and economic segregation on the people of South Africa. Find out more...
Mau Mau Timeline
The Mau Mau were a militant African nationalist movement active in Kenya during the 1950s whose main aim was to remove British rule and European settlers from the country.
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Female East African Slave
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Female East African Slave
Apartheid FAQ
Apartheid FAQ During most of the 20th century, South Africa was ruled by a system called Apartheid, which
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Inspection of an African Slave
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Inspection of an African Slave
Bio: Nelson Mandela
A biography of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela.
The Role of Islam in African Slavery
When Africans talk of slavery they inevitably mean the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Is this a true representation of the practice in Africa?
Colors of Ancient Egypt
Color in Ancient Egypt
Timbuktu
Timbuktu is widely used to describe a place extremely far away and regarded by many as a myth. In reality it's a city in Mali, West Africa, of such great historical importance that in 1988 it was designated a World Heritage Site.
Slavery in Africa
Slavery in Africa - What Kinds of Slavery Existed in Africa?
Tripolitan War, 1801 - 1805
When the United States of America gained independence from Great Britain there was an unexpected problem - piracy. In 1783, the same year that the Treaty of Paris was signed, corsairs from the Barbary States began to attack American shipping in the Mediterranean.
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Indigenous African Slavery
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Indigenous African Slavery
Bio: Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, described by some of her rivals as an Americo-Liberian, the descendant of Liberia's ex-American-slave colonists, has reached the pinnacle o her political career. Awaiting the results of an investigation into alleged (by her main political rival George Weah) election fraud, Johnson-Sirleaf could become Africa's first elected woman president. Find out more…
Rwandan Genocide
A Selection of Quotes About The Rwandan Genocide.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Tabono
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Tabono
Menes: First Pharaoh of Egypt?
According to Ancient Egyptian history Menes was the founder of the unified Egyptian state which combined Upper and Lower Egypt.
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Plans of Slave Decks, Slave Ship Brookes
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Plans of Slave Decks, Slave Ship Brookes
Pre-Colonial cultures in South Africa: San and Khoikhoi
Pre-Colonial cultures in South Africa #1 The San and Khoikhoi For several millennia the San lived in
Quotes: Nelson Mandela
A selection of quotes by Nelson Mandela
Apartheid, When Did it Start?
Unsure when Apartheid started in South Africa? Find the answer in this Apartheid FAQ.
Free Rock Art Stencil: Trance Dancer 1
Free Rock Painting stencil design for personal use: Trance Dancer 1
WWII Timeline: June 1940
When Italy declared war against Britain and France in June 1940 it seemed inevitable that the conflict would come to Africa – Italy wanted an empire, and it was only on the African continent that it would be able to achieve such conquest. But even with Britain's pre-emptive forays into Libya, the war was slow to start…
Biography: Mary Henrietta Kingsley
A biography in three parts of Mary Henrietta Kingsley, a Victorian explorer and writer who greatly influenced European ideas about Africa and its people. Part 1: Early Life in England
Short Biography: Martin Thembisile (Chris) Hani
A short biography of Chris Hani, South African political activist, chief-of-staff of Umkhonto we Sizwe, and Secretary-General of the South African Communist Party, assassinated in April 1993.
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Exercising Slaves on a Trans-Atlantic Slave Ship
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Exercising Slaves on a Trans-Atlantic Slave Ship
Tutankhamun: The Boy Pharaoh
Be amazed at the treasures discovered in the tomb of the most famous Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, Tutankhamun. His was the first tomb found still containing treasure.
Biography: Chief Albert Luthuli
A biography of Chief Albert Luthuli, Africa's first winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace and president of the ANC until his death (under mysterious circumstances) in 1967.
Timeline: The Suez Crisis
Timeline for the Suez Canal Crisis
São Tomé and the Slave Trade
São Tomé is considered to be a principal port in the export of slaves across the Atlantic, this is, however, only part of the story.
When Did Apartheid End?
Unsure when Apartheid ended in South Africa? Find the answer in this Apartheid FAQ.
West African Independence
A chronology of colonization and independence.
African History: 15th Century West Africa Trade
Between the 11th and 15th centuries West Africa was a major trading region, exporting goods to Europe, Arabia, India, and China across the Sahara Desert.
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Slaver's Canoe
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Slaver's Canoe
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Diagram of the Slave Ship Brookes
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Diagram of the Slave Ship Brookes
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Testing an African Slave For Sickness
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Testing an African Slave For Sickness
East African Independence
A chronology of colonization and independence.
"Wind of Change" Speech
The "Wind of Change" speech was made by the British Prime Minister whilst addressing the South African Parliament during his tour of African Commonwealth states.
New Names in South Africa
Since the end of apartheid, a number of town and geographical names in South Africa have changed. Here's a list of them.
Union Of South Africa
The politicking behind the scenes for the formation of the Union of South Africa allowed the foundations of Apartheid to be laid.
More Quotes: Nelson Mandela
A selection of quotes by Nelson Mandela
African History: African explorers
Over the centuries, explorers have found the allure of the unknown reaches of Africa irresistible. Find out who was who, where they went, and when.
"Wind of Change" speech
The "Wind of Change" speech was made by the British Prime Minister whilst addressing the South African Parliament during his tour of African Commonwealth states. It was a watershed moment in the struggle for black nationalism in Africa and the independence movement across the continent. It also signalled a change in attitude towards the Apartheid regime in South Africa.
Suez Crisis Background
Part 1 – Partial Decolonization Leads to Resentment
Population Registration Act
The Population Registration Act required South Africans to be identified and registered as belonging to one of four distinct racial groups. Find out more...
Central African Independence
A chronology of colonization and independence.
Death of an Activist.
South African newspaper editor and anti-apartheid activist Donald Woods has died at the age of 67.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Ako Ben
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Ako Ben
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Slave Decks on the Slave Bark Wildfire
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Slave Decks on the Slave Bark Wildfire
South African Townships
Map of townships around Pretoria, Johannesburg and Vereeniging.
Conclusions about the Sharpeville Massacre
Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report, Vol 3, Chapter 6
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: African Captives Being Sent Into Slavery
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: African Captives Being Sent Into Slavery
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Indigenous African slavers Traveling From the Interior
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Indigenous African slavers Traveling From the Interior
Robben Island Prison Museum: Entrance
Gallery of images of Robben Island, World Heritage Site and Apartheid era prison: Entrance.
Slavery in the Cape Colony
Many South Africans are the descendants of slaves brought to the Cape Colony from 1653 until 1822. Follow the main events in this period of South Africa's history in this timeline.
Egypt
A brief history of the colonization and independence of Egypt
Short Biography: Daniel Francois Malan
Daniel Francois Malan Champion of Afrikaner nationalism and first prime minister of the Apartheid government
The Pioneer Human Heart Surgeon.
Dr Christiaan Barnard has died at the age of 78.
Biography: Sonni Ali
A biography of Songhai Ali the West African monarch who ruled Songhai from 1464 to 1492, expanding a small kingdom along the Niger River into one of medieval Africa's greatest empires..
Ancient Egypt: the Father of Time
The way in which we divide the day into hours and minutes, as well as the structure and length of the yearly calendar, owes much to pioneering developments in ancient Egypt.
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Slave Barracoon
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Slave Barracoon
Treason Trial
In 1956, in response to the adoption of the Freedom Charter at the Congress of the People, the Apartheid government in South Africa arrested a total 156 people for high treason. The penalty for this was death.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Gye Ntame
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Gye Ntame
Constitutional Monarchy
What is a Constitutional Monarchy?
Sharpeville Massacre
World condemnation and political aftermath
African History: 16 June Soweto Uprising: The Afrikaans Medium Decree
The decree that Afrikaans had to be used as a language of instruction in schools contributed to the 16 June 1976 Soweto uprising in South Africa.
This Day in African History: May calendar
Calendar for May This Day in African History Select a day in May 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Humankind's African Origins
Humankind's African Origins A catalogue of hominid species.   Related Resources •  New Hominid Fossils
Color Technology
Today we consider chemistry to be a science, but its roots, back in Ancient Egypt, lie in art and the creation of synthetic pigments.
Afrikaner Broederbond
Afrikaner Broederbond African History Glossary - Apartheid Terms - Afrikaner Broederbond   Related Terms
Free Adinkra Stencil: Osram Ne Nsoroma
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Osram Ne Nsoroma
Nok Culture
Considered the oldest recognisable pre-colonial society in sub-Saharan Africa, the Nok Culture is exemplified by its magnificent terracotta sculptures and the development of iron working. Find out more about this ancient African civilization.
Women's Anti Pass Campaign
What happened when the South African government tried to force women to carry passes.
Predynastic Egypt
The Predynastic Period of Ancient Egypt saw the development of grouped communities, the worlds first written language, institutionalised religion, and the development of the plough. Archaeologists have divided the Period into four relatively distinct phases to aid their understanding of the social, scientific, and political developments in Egypt at that time.
History of Kenya
A brief introduction to the history of Kenya from the time of early humans to the present day.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Akoko Nan
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Akoko Nan
Slavery of Africans
Although slavery has been practiced for almost the whole of recorded history, the vast numbers involved in the African slave trade has left a legacy which can not be ignored.
Free Rock Art Stencil: Dancing Woman 1
Free Rock Painting stencil design for personal use: Dancing Woman 1
New Hominid Fossils in Kenya and Ethiopia
New discoveries in Africa alter our understanding of our family tree.
African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Cape Coast Castle, Gold Coast
Image of African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Cape Coast Castle, Gold Coast
Morocco
A brief history of the colonization and independence of Morocco
Timeline of Apartheid History: 1912 to 1959
A Timeline of Key Apartheid Events from 1912 to 1959.
Free Rock Art Stencil: Hand Prints 1
Free Rock Painting stencil design for personal use: Hand Prints 1
Free Adinkra Stencil: Sankofa (variant #1)
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Sankofa (variant #1)
Algeria
A brief history of the colonization and independence of Algeria
Wind of Change: Verwoerd reply
Prime Minister Henrik Verwoerd responded to Harold Macmillan's "Wind of Change" speech by pushing forward the rights of white men in Africa and was met with applause from the members of South Africa's Parliament.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Nyame-Nti
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Nyame-Nti
Free Hieroglyph Stencil: C11
Hieroglyph Stencil From Alistair Boddy-Evans , Your Guide to African History . Stay up to date! C11 -
The History of Islam in Africa
The Islamic faith and Muslims have played a crucial role in the development of Africa, not only in North Africa and West Africa where it is still the dominant religion, but also in East Africa, where its dominance decreases as one moves south, and in Southern Africa, where it was introduced through slaves and political exiles and is most prominent today in the cities of Durban and Cape Town.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Ohene Tuo
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Ohene Tuo
Biography: Cetshwayo kaMpande (Part 1 of 3)
Biography: Cetshwayo kaMpande Biography of Cetshwayo kaMpande, the last king of an independent Zulu nation
History of Zimbabwe #2
A brief introduction to the history of Zimbabwe from the time of early humans to the present day. Part 1 - UDI to Independence
Robben Island
A short history of island that housed the most notorious prison of the South African apartheid regime.
African Free Stencils: Nguni Stencils
A collection of free stencils on an African theme - Nguni Symbols.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Nyansapo
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Nyansapo
Freedom Charter
What was the Freedom Charter?
Bio: Tom Mboya
Thomas Mboya was a Kenyan trade unionist and statesman. Earmarked as Jomo Kenyatta's successor, Mboya was assassinated six years into independence, sparking tribal unrest between Kenyatta's Kikuyu supporters and Mboya's Luo.
Biography: Joe Slovo
Biography: Joe Slovo Joe Slovo, anti-Apartheid activist, was one of the founders of Umkhonto we Sizwe
Free Adinkra Stencil: Wawa Aba
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Wawa Aba
Free Adinkra Stencil: Ananse Ntontan
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Ananse Ntontan
Black (or Natives) Land Act
Under the Black (Natives) Land Act Blacks were no longer be able to own, or even rent, land outside of designated reserves. Find out more…
Cattle-Killings
Millenarian movement which had catastrophic results for the Xhosa.
Libya
A brief history of the colonization and independence of Libya
Battle for Adowa
The defeat at Adowa was a terrible humiliation for Italy and a shock to all European Imperialists.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Bese Saka
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Bese Saka
School Enrollment in SA
Data on School Enrollment for Blacks and Whites in South Africa in 1982.
Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs Exhibition: Diadem
A gallery of artifacts from the Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs Exhibition: Diadem.
Bio: Mungo Park
Mungo Park, a Scottish surgeon and explorer, was sent out by the 'Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior of Africa' to discover the course of the River Niger. Having achieved a degree of fame from his first trip, carried out alone and on foot, he returned to Africa with a party of 40 Europeans, all of whom lost their lives in the adventure.
Slave Laws in South Africa
It is a popular misconception that slavery in South Africa was mild compared to America and the European colonies in the Far East. This is not so, and punishments meted out could be very harsh.
El Guettar
El Guettar was the US army's first victory against German forces in North Africa, 23 March 1943.
Tunisia
A brief history of the colonization and independence of Tunisia
Free Hieroglyph Stencil: G43
Hieroglyph Stencil From Alistair Boddy-Evans , Your Guide to African History . Stay up to date! G43 -
The Tripartite Invasion, 1956
Britain, France and Israel attempt to wrest the Suez Canal from Egyptian control - Part 2: Israel, Britain, and France invade.
Battle of Adowa Timeline
The defeat at Adowa was a terrible humiliation for Italy and a shock to all European Imperialists.
Free Rock Art Stencil: Spirit figure 1
Free Rock Painting stencil design for personal use: Kudu/Human Spirit Figure 1
Zulu War Vocabulary
A list of common Zulu terms relevant to the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Bin Nka Bi
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Bin Nka Bi
Nilo-Saharan Language Group
A look at the Nilo-Saharan Language group, one of the four major language groups in Africa as identified by anthropologists and linguistic historians.
Flag of Republic of the Congo (Republique du Congo)
Flag of Republic of the Congo (Republique du Congo)
Robben Island Prison Museum: Limestone Quarry
Gallery of images of Robben Island, World Heritage Site and Apartheid era prison: Limestone Quarry.
Free Adinkra Stencil: Denkyem
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Denkyem
Free Adinkra Stencil: Dono
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Dono
Free Adinkra Stencil: Akoma Ntoaso
Free Adinkra stencil design for personal use: Akoma Ntoaso
Robben Island Prison Museum: Nelson Mandela Gateway
Gallery of images of Robben Island, World Heritage Site and Apartheid era prison: Nelson Mandela Gateway.
Bio: H A Toivo ja Toivo
Herman Toivo ja Toivo, one of the co-founders of the South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO), is the father of the Namibian independence struggle. Toivo stayed in South West Africa to face imprisonment, and thus remain a figurehead for the independence struggle, rather than flee into exile. Convicted in South Africa for terrorism, he served 16 years – much of the time on Robben Island with Nelson Mandela.
What was Grand Apartheid?
Unsure what Grand Apartheid was? Find the answer in this Apartheid FAQ.
Native (Black) Urban Areas Act
The Native (Black) Urban Areas Act strictly controlled the movement of Black males between urban and rural areas in South Africa. Find out more...
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