1921, 23 July
Abd el-Krim Khattabi and his rebel forces defeat the Spanish colonial army at Anoual, Morocco. The Spanish Mellila garrison, approximately 2,000 soldiers, was wiped out, with the Commander-in-Chief, General Fernandez Silvestre, committing suicide rather than face surrender.
1959, 23 July
French forces begin an offensive in the Kabylia region of Algeria.
1968, 23 July
Passengers and crew, including 21 Israelis, from the hijacked El Al flight from Tel Aviv (22 July) are placed in detention by Algerian authorities. They are only released six weeks later. This is the first recorded hijacking by a Palestinian terrorist group (in this case the Popular Front for the Liberation Palestine, PFLP).
1970, 22 July
Four members of the group who deposed Ja'far Muhammad an-Numeiry (for four days) in a military coup are executed in the Sudan.
1994, 23 July
The Zaire-Rwanda border is closed by Zaire's government, preventing thousands of Rwandan refugees from returning home.
