Black (Native) Laws Amendment Act No 54 of 1952
The Black (Native) Laws Amendment Act No 54 of 1952 narrowed the definition of the category of blacks who had the right of permanent residence in towns. Section 10 limited this to those who'd been born in a town and had lived there continuously for not less than 15 years, or who had been employed there continuously for at least 15 years, or who had worked continuously for the same employer for at least 10 years.
Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act No 67 of 1952
The Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act No 67 of 1952 in more commonly known as the Pass Laws. This ironically named act forced black people to carry identification with them at all times. A pass included a photograph, details of place of origin, employment record, tax payments, and encounters with the police. It was a criminal offense to be unable to produce a pass when required to do so by the police. No black person could leave a rural area for an urban one without a permit from the local authorities. On arrival in an urban area a permit to seek work had to be obtained within 72 hours.
Black Labour and Settlement of Disputes Act No 48 of 1953
The Black Labour Relations Regulation Act (Black Labour and Settlement of Disputes Act) No 48 of 1953 prohibited strike action by blacks.
Bantu Education Act No 47 of 1953
The Bantu Education Act No 47 of 1953 established a Black Education Department in the Department of Native Affairs which would compile a curriculum that suited the "nature and requirements of the black people". The author of the legislation, Dr Hendrik Verwoerd (then Minister of Native Affairs, later Prime Minister), stated that its aim was to prevent Africans receiving an education that would lead them to aspire to positions they wouldn't be allowed to hold in society. Instead Africans were to receive an education designed to provide them with skills to serve their own people in the homelands or to work in laboring jobs under whites.
Reservation of Separate Amenities Act No 49 of 1953
The Reservation of Separate Amenities Act No 49 of 1953 forced segregation in all public amenities, public buildings, and public transport with the aim of eliminating contact between whites and other races. "Europeans Only" and "Non-Europeans Only" signs were put up. The act stated that facilities provided for different races need not be equal.
Natives Resettlement Act No 19 of 1954
Group Areas Development Act No 69 of 1955
Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act No 64 of 1956
The Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act No 64 of 1956 denied black people the option of appealing to the courts against forced removals.
Bantu Investment Corporation Act No 34 of 1959
The Bantu Investment Corporation Act No 34 of 1959 provided for the creation of financial, commercial, and industrial schemes in areas designated for black people.
Extension of University Education Act 45 of 1959
The Extension of University Education Act 45 of 1959 put an end to black students attending white universities (mainly the universities of Cape Town and Witwatersrand). Created separate tertiary institutions for whites, Coloured, blacks, and Asians.
