After the Second World War, the Brotherhood organised attacks on British personnel and property. During the First Arab-Israeli War (1948-49) the Brotherhood was ordered to dissolve, and in retaliation they assassinated Mahmoud Fatimy, the Egyptian premier. Ibrahim Abdul Hadi, the newly installed prime minister, sent thousands of Muslim Brotherhood members to detention camps, and the Brotherhood leader, Hassan el Banna was killed, probably by the government's security branch.

The Brotherhood was involved in the military coup which followed the collapse of the pro-British Wafd government in 1952. After a botched assassination attempt on Colonel Gamal Abdul Nasser in October 1954, the Brotherhood was disbanded.

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The Tripartite Invasion, 1956
The Tripartite Invasion, or 1956 War, was perhaps the single most important event in the history of African independence. The fallout from this unsuccessful attempt by Britain, France, and Israel to maintain an influence over the Suez Canal created a climate in Africa which both encouraged and escalated the struggle for independence.