23 September 1913 - Anti-Pass Protests by South African Women

Protests by a multi-racial group of women take place in response to a new requirement introduced in the Orange Free State that black women must carry reference documents (in addition to those already carried by black men). The protestors, led by Charlotte Maxeke, include many professionals such as teachers and nurses. Over the next few months protests are held across the Free State, and when South Africa enters World War I, the Free State authorities agree to relax the rule.

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