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Alistair Boddy-Evans

Alistair's African History Blog

By Alistair Boddy-Evans, About.com Guide to African History

Biography: Herman Animba Toivo ja Toivo

Wednesday November 7, 2007
Herman Toivo ja Toivo, one of the co-founders of the South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO), may be considered to be the father of the Namibian independence struggle. Toivo stayed in South West Africa to face imprisonment, and thus remain a figurehead for the independence struggle, rather than flee into exile from South Africa's Apartheid era rule over the country. Convicted in South Africa for terrorism, he served 16 years -- much of the time on Robben Island with Nelson Mandela. On release he went into exile, returning to Namibia in time for the countries first truly democratic general election. Read more about his life...

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